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A novel multimode process monitoring method integrating LDRSKM with Bayesian inference

Shi-jin REN,Yin LIANG,Xiang-jun ZHAO,Mao-yun YANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第8期页码 617-633 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400263

摘要： A local discriminant regularized soft -means (LDRSKM) method with Bayesian inference is proposed for multimode process monitoring. LDRSKM extends the regularized soft -means algorithm by exploiting the local and non-local geometric information of the data and generalized linear discriminant analysis to provide a better and more meaningful data partition. LDRSKM can perform clustering and subspace selection simultaneously, enhancing the separability of data residing in different clusters. With the data partition obtained, kernel support vector data description (KSVDD) is used to establish the monitoring statistics and control limits. Two Bayesian inference based global fault detection indicators are then developed using the local monitoring results associated with principal and residual subspaces. Based on clustering analysis, Bayesian inference and manifold learning methods, the within and cross-mode correlations, and local geometric information can be exploited to enhance monitoring performances for nonlinear and non-Gaussian processes. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are evaluated using the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process.

关键词： Multimode process monitoring Local discriminant regularized soft k-means clustering Kernel support vector data description Bayesian inference Tennessee Eastman process

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基于层次的K-means初始化算法

汤九斌,陆建峰,唐振民,杨静宇

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 74-79

摘要：

K-means算法是一种常用的聚类算法，但是聚类中心的初始化是其中的一个难点。笔者提出了一个基于层次思想的初始化方法。模拟数据和真实数据的实验结果均显示基于层次抽样初始化的K-means算法不仅收敛速度快、聚类质量高，而且对噪声不敏感，其性能明显优于现有的相关算法。

关键词：层次技术初始聚类中心加权数据 K平均聚类

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Application of

Weifang SHI, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 117-127 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0581-5

摘要： The homogeneous risk characteristics within a sub-area and the heterogeneous from one sub-area to another are unclear using existing environmental risk zoning methods. This study presents a new zoning method by determining and categorizing the risk characteristics using the -means clustering data mining technology. The study constructs indices and develops index quantification models for environmental risk zoning by analyzing the mechanism of environmental risk occurrence. We calculate the source risk index, air risk field index, water risk field index, and target vulnerability of the study area with Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park using a 100 m × 100 m mesh grid as the basic zoning unit, and then use -means clustering to analyze the environmental risk in the area. We obtain the optimal clustering number with the largest average silhouette coefficient by calculating the average silhouette coefficients of clustering at different -values. The clustering result with the optimal clustering number is then used for the environmental risk zoning, and the zoning result is mapped using the geographic information system. The study area is divided into five sub-areas. The common environmental risk characteristics within the same sub-area, as well as the differences between sub-areas, are presented. The zoning is helpful in risk management and is convenient for decision makers to distribute limited resources to different sub-areas in the design of risk reducing intervention.

关键词： environmental risk zoning k-means clustering silhouette coefficient chemical industrial park risk management

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Xiao-hu MA,Meng YANG,Zhao ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第3期页码 212-223 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500255

摘要： The feature extraction algorithm plays an important role in face recognition. However, the extracted features also have overlapping discriminant information. A property of the statistical uncorrelated criterion is that it eliminates the redundancy among the extracted discriminant features, while many algorithms generally ignore this property. In this paper, we introduce a novel feature extraction method called local uncorrelated local discriminant embedding (LULDE). The proposed approach can be seen as an extension of a local discriminant embedding (LDE) framework in three ways. First, a new local statistical uncorrelated criterion is proposed, which effectively captures the local information of interclass and intraclass. Second, we reconstruct the affinity matrices of an intrinsic graph and a penalty graph, which are mentioned in LDE to enhance the discriminant property. Finally, it overcomes the small-sample-size problem without using principal component analysis to preprocess the original data, which avoids losing some discriminant information. Experimental results on Yale, ORL, Extended Yale B, and FERET databases demonstrate that LULDE outperforms LDE and other representative uncorrelated feature extraction methods.

关键词： Feature extraction Local discriminant embedding Local uncorrelated criterion Face recognition

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A systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis of non-intrusive appliance load

Chuan Choong YANG,Chit Siang SOH,Vooi Voon YAP

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 231-237 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0358-6

摘要： The aim of non-intrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) is to disaggregate the energy consumption of individual electrical appliances from total power consumption utilizing non-intrusive methods. In this paper, a systematic approach to ON-OFF event detection and clustering analysis for NIALM were presented. From the aggregate power consumption data set, the data are passed through median filtering to reduce noise and prepared for the event detection algorithm. The event detection algorithm is to determine the switching of ON and OFF status of electrical appliances. The goodness-of-fit (GOF) methodology is the event detection algorithm implemented. After event detection, the events detected were paired into ON-OFF pairing appliances. The results from the ON-OFF pairing algorithm were further clustered in groups utilizing the -means clustering analysis. The -means clustering were implemented as an unsupervised learning methodology for the clustering analysis. The novelty of this paper is the determination of the time duration an electrical appliance is turned ON through combination of event detection, ON-OFF pairing and -means clustering. The results of the algorithm implementation were discussed and ideas on future work were also proposed.

关键词： non-intrusive appliance load monitoring event detection goodness-of-fit (GOF) K-means clustering ON-OFF pairing

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一种局部二次嵌入学习算法及其在软测量中的应用 Article

包垚垚, 朱远明, 钱峰

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 186-196 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.025

摘要：

鉴于元学习在众多领域取得的巨大成就，本文针对数据回归问题提出了融合度量学习和神经网络（NN）的局部二次嵌入学习（LQEL）算法。首先，通过优化输入输出空间里样本间度量的全局一致性来改进马氏度量（Mahalanobis metric）学习算法；同时，通过引入松弛约束进一步证明了改进的度量学习问题等价于一个凸规划问题。然后，基于局部二次插值假设原理，引入了两个轻量级的神经网络，其一用于学习局部二次模型中的系数矩阵，另一个则用于对从不同局部近邻获得的预测结果进行权重分配。最后，将两个子模型嵌入统一的回归框架中，并通过随机梯度下降（SGD）算法学习模型参数。所提出的算法优势在于可充分利用目标标签中隐含的信息找到更可靠的参考样本。并且，使用LQEL算法对变量进行差分建模，避免了因传感器漂移或不可测量变量导致的模型退化问题。多个基准数据集和两个实际工业应用数据集的计算结果表明，所提出的方法优于几种典型的回归方法。

关键词：局部二次嵌入度量学习回归机软测量

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基于模糊集理论的二维线性鉴别分析新方法

郑宇杰,杨静宇,吴小俊,李勇智

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第2期页码 49-53

摘要：

二维线性鉴别分析（２DLDA）是一种直接基于矩阵的特征提取方法，跳过传统的基于Fisher鉴别准则的线性鉴别分析方法中必须先将二维矩阵转化成一维矢量的过程，有效地提高了特征提取速度且避免了小样本问题，其识别率优于传统的Fisherface方法。结合模糊集理论，提出了一种新的２DLDA算法——模糊２DLDA （F１DLDA）算法。首先采用FKNN算法得到相应的样本分布信息，并按其对最后得到的特征向量所作的贡献融入到特征抽取过程中，得到有效的样本特征向量集。实验表明，F２DLDA算法的性能优于传统的２DLDA算法和Fisherface算法。

关键词：二维线性鉴别分析模糊二维线性鉴别分析模糊集理论特征提取模糊k近邻

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Technological lubricating means: Evolution of materials and ideas

Vladimir A. GODLEVSKIY

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 101-107 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0369-y

摘要：

The main stages of technological lubricating material development from ancient times to date are described. How the chemical composition of these products changed with time, how new ideas revealing the physical and chemical basics of external media that influence the mechanical processing of materials appeared, how these ideas explained the differences between traditional tribology and specific technology of metal processing are discussed. The question of the possible realization of Rehbinder’s adsorption effect in contact zone is also stated. The description of a very captivating problem is related to the explanation of the mechanism of lubricant penetration into the contact zone between the material being processed and the tool. The birth and development of the hypothesis of microcapillary penetration of the lubricant into the dynamically changed intersurface clearance that has finally led to formulating the “necessary kinetic condition of the lubricating activity” is relayed.

关键词： technological lubrication and cooling metal cutting grinding lubrication action tribology

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Cloud-Model-Based Feature Engineering to Analyze the Energy–Water Nexus of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant

Shan-Shan Yang,Xin-Lei Yu,Chen-Hao Cui,Jie Ding,Lei He,Wei Dai,Han-Jun Sun,Shun-Wen Bai,Yu Tao,Ji-Wei Pang,Nan-Qi Ren,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.02.011

摘要： Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important and energy-intensive municipal infrastructures. High energy consumption and relatively low operating performance are major challenges from the perspective of carbon neutrality. However, water–energy nexus analysis and models for WWTPs have rarely been reported to date. In this study, a cloud-model-based energy-consumption analysis (CMECA) of a WWTP was conducted to explore the relationship between influent and energy consumption by clustering its influent’s parameters. The principal component analysis (PCA) and K-means clustering were applied to classify the influent condition using water quality and volume data. The energy consumption of the WWTP is divided into five standard evaluation levels, and its cloud digital characteristics (CDCs) were extracted according to bilateral constraints and golden ratio methods. Our results showed that the energy consumption distribution gradually dispersed and deviated from the Gaussian distribution with decreased water concentration and quantity. The days with high energy efficiency were extracted via the clustering method from the influent category of excessive energy consumption, represented by a compact-type energy consumption distribution curve to identify the influent conditions that affect the steady distribution of energy consumption. The local WWTP has high energy consumption with 0.3613 kW·h·m−3 despite low influent concentration and volumes, across four consumption levels from low (I) to relatively high (IV), showing an unsatisfactory operation and management level. The average oxygenation capacity, internal reflux ratio, and external reflux ratio during high energy efficiency days recognized by further clustering were obtained (0.2924–0.3703 kg O2·m−3, 1.9576–2.4787 and 0.6603–0.8361, respectively), which could be used as a guide for the days with low energy efficiency. Consequently, this study offers a water–energy nexus analysis method to identify influent conditions with operational management anomalies and can be used as an empirical reference for the optimized operation of WWTPs.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plants Cloud-model theory Data mining Principal component analysis K -means clustering Cloud-model-based energy-consumption analysis

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An approach for mechanical fault classification based on generalized discriminant analysis

LI Wei-hua, SHI Tie-lin, YANG Shu-zi

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 292-298 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0022-2

摘要： To deal with pattern classification of complicated mechanical faults, an approach to multi-faults classification based on generalized discriminant analysis is presented. Compared with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), generalized discriminant analysis (GDA), one of nonlinear discriminant analysis methods, is more suitable for classifying the linear non-separable problem. The connection and difference between KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis) and GDA is discussed. KPCA is good at detection of machine abnormality while GDA performs well in multi-faults classification based on the collection of historical faults symptoms. When the proposed method is applied to air compressor condition classification and gear fault classification, an excellent performance in complicated multi-faults classification is presented.

关键词： generalized discriminant non-separable abnormality classification multi-faults classification

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未知辐射源信号特征辅助的广义标签多伯努利滤波器 Research Article

国强1,滕龙1,2,吴新良2,宋文明2,黄大羽2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第12期页码 1871-1880 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200286

摘要：提出一种未知辐射源信号特征辅助的广义标签多伯努利滤波器。复杂电磁环境下，辐射源特征通常未知且随时间变化。针对辐射源特征未知的问题，提出一种基于数据场动态聚类的辐射源特征求解方法。针对辐射源特征时变以及对应的概率分布未知的问题，提出一种改进的模糊C-均值算法来计算目标和杂波量测的相关系数，以近似辐射源特征的似然函数。在此基础上，将辐射源特征集成到广义标签多伯努利滤波器中，从而获得新的递归方程。仿真结果表明，提出的方法可以提高对多目标的跟踪性能，尤其在强杂波环境中。

关键词：多目标跟踪；广义标签多伯努利；辐射源信号特征；模糊C-均值；动态聚类

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Development of soft kernel durum wheat

Craig F. MORRIS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 273-278 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019259

摘要：

Kernel texture (grain hardness) is a fundamental and determining factor related to wheat ( spp.) milling, baking and flour utilization. There are three kernel texture classes in wheat: soft and hard hexaploid ( ), and very hard durum ( subsp. ). The genetic basis for these three classes lies with the Puroindoline genes. Phenotypically, the easiest means of quantifying kernel texture is with the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS), although other means are valid and can provide fundamental material properties. Typical SKCS values for soft wheat would be around 25 and for durum wheat≥80. Soft kernel durum wheat was created via homeologous recombination using the mutation, which facilitated the transfer of ca. 28 Mbp of 5DS that replaced ca. 21 Mbp of 5BS. The 5DS translocation contained a complete and intact locus and both puroindoline genes. Expression of the puroindoline genes in durum grain resulted in kernel texture and flour milling characteristics nearly identical to that of soft wheat, with high yields of break and straight-grade flours, which had small particle size and low starch damage. Dough water absorption was markedly reduced compared to durum flour and semolina. Dough was essentially unchanged and reflected the inherent gluten properties of the durum background. Pasta quality was essentially equal-to-or-better than pasta made from semolina. Agronomically, soft durum germplasm showed good potential with moderate grain yield and resistance to a number of fungal pathogens and insects. Future breeding efforts will no doubt further improve the quality and competitiveness of soft durum cultivars.

关键词： soft durum wheat grain hardness puroindolines milling baking pasta noodles

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High-order phase-field model with the local and second-order max-entropy approximants

Fatemeh AMIRI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 406-416 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0475-5

摘要： We approximate the fracture surface energy functional based on phase-field method with smooth local maximum entropy (LME) and second-order maximum entropy (SME) approximants. The higher-order continuity of the meshfree methods such as LME and SME approximants allows to directly solve the fourth-order phase-field equations without splitting the fourth-order differential equation into two second-order differential equations. We will first show that the crack surface functional can be captured more accurately in the fourth-order model with smooth approximants such as LME, SME and B-spline. Furthermore, smaller length scale parameter is needed for the fourth-order model to approximate the energy functional. We also study SME approximants and drive the formulations. The proposed meshfree fourth-order phase-field formulation show more stable results for SME compared to LME meshfree methods.

关键词： second-order maximum entropy local maximum entropy second- and fourth-order phase-field models B-spline

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Flux-free brazing of Mg-containing aluminium alloys by means of cold spraying

BOBZIN Kirsten, ZHAO Lidong, ERNST Felix, RICHARDT Katharina

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 355-359 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0055-9

摘要： In the present study, AlSi12 and AlSi10Cu4 were deposited onto Mg-containing aluminium alloys 6063 and 5754 by cold spraying. The influences of the two brazing alloys and spray parameters on coating formation were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized. Some coated samples were heat-treated at 590°C and 560°C in air to investigate the effect of the rupture of oxide scales on the diffusion of elements during heat-treatment. Some coated samples were brazed under argon atmosphere without any fluxes. The results show that AlSi12 had much better deposition behaviour than AlSi10Cu4. Due to the rupture of oxide scales, Cu and Si diffused into the substrate and a metallurgical bond formed between the brazing alloys and the substrates during heat-treatment. The coated samples could be brazed without any fluxes. Because the oxide scales prevented the formation of a metallurgical bond locally, the brazed samples had relatively low shear strengths of up to 43 MPa.

关键词： diffusion metallurgical substrate Mg-containing aluminium spraying

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Making central-local relations work: Comparing America and China environmental governance systems

Dan GUTTMAN, SONG Yaqin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 418-433 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0068-3

摘要： The challenge of making central requirements work at local levels is a common problem for environmental governance throughout the world. Countries can learn from one another s approaches, but must understand the local context in w

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标题作者时间类型操作

A novel multimode process monitoring method integrating LDRSKM with Bayesian inference

Shi-jin REN,Yin LIANG,Xiang-jun ZHAO,Mao-yun YANG

期刊论文

基于层次的K-means初始化算法

汤九斌,陆建峰,唐振民,杨静宇

期刊论文

Application of

Weifang SHI, Weihua ZENG

期刊论文

Local uncorrelated local discriminant embedding for face recognition